What is high blood sugar?
High blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia, is a condition in which the level of glucose in the blood is too high. Glucose is a type of sugar that is the body’s main source of energy. When you eat, your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps glucose move from the bloodstream into the cells, where it can be used for energy.
If you have high blood sugar levels, your body is not able to use glucose properly. This can lead to a buildup of glucose in the blood, which can damage cells and organs over time.
What are the symptoms of high blood sugar?
The symptoms of a high blood sugar level can vary from person to person. Some people may not have any symptoms at all, while others may experience symptoms such as:
Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
Fruity breath odor
Confusion
Loss of consciousness
What are the risks of high blood sugar?
If high blood sugar levels is not controlled, it can lead to a number of serious health problems, including:
Heart disease: High blood sugar can damage the blood vessels, which can increase your risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.
Stroke: High blood sugar can increase your risk of stroke, which is a serious medical emergency.
Kidney disease: High blood sugar can damage the kidneys, which can lead to kidney failure.
Eye problems: High blood sugar can damage the eyes, which can lead to blindness.
Nerve damage: High blood sugar can damage the nerves, which can lead to numbness, tingling, and pain.
Diabetic ketoacidosis: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes that can be fatal.
How is high blood sugar diagnosed?
High blood sugar can be diagnosed with a simple blood test. Your doctor will take a blood sample and measure your blood sugar level. A fasting blood sugar level of 126 mg/dL or higher indicates high blood sugar.
How is a high blood sugar level treated?
The treatment for high blood sugar depends on the underlying cause. If you have type 1 diabetes, you will need to take insulin injections to control your blood sugar levels. If you have type 2 diabetes, you may be able to control your blood sugar levels with diet, exercise, and medication.
How can I prevent high blood sugar?
There are a number of things you can do to prevent high blood sugar, including:
Eating a healthy diet
Exercising regularly
Maintaining a healthy weight
Managing stress
Getting regular checkups with your doctor
Conclusion
High blood sugar is a serious health condition that can lead to a number of serious health problems. However, there are a number of things you can do to prevent high blood sugar and manage it if you do have it. By making lifestyle changes and working with your doctor, you can keep your blood sugar levels under control and live a long and healthy life.
Additional resources
American Diabetes Association: https://www.diabetes.org/
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/